Geology of AlUla

Geology of AlUla

A Rich, Diverse Landscape

From its verdant valley to its magnificent sandstone mountains, the AlUla region presents one of the most beautiful and unique landscapes in the world.

The breathtaking AlUla Valley, which lies in the north-west region of Saudi Arabia, is as diverse as it is beautiful.

Despite its arid climate, temperatures average 29 degrees celsius in July. AlUla’s valley oasis flourishes due to a massive drainage basin and underground watercourses. The valley, filled with lush date palms and fragrant citrus groves, is surrounded by the vast sandstone Hijaz Mountains.

Geological Wonders of AlUla

WHAT YOU CAN’T MISS
Throughout the region, you’ll see sand-drifted canyons, red-rock cliff faces and unique outcrops and rock formations — all surrounded by seas of desert sand deposits. These imagination-spurring rock formations add to the wonder of AlUla, as some have naturally taken the forms of humans, animals and architectural structures.

AlUla’s most famous geomorphological wonder is probably Jabal AlFil, also known as Elephant Rock. Transformed by erosion, this monumental sandstone structure resembles an elephant whose trunk extends to the ground. Located in Raggasat Valley, The Dancing Rocks, another natural wonder, is a maze of spiralling rock formations formed from years of erosion. These incredible sandstone structures have been sculpted by sand carried through the wind.
OTHER SPECIAL PLACES TO SEE
To the region’s west, you’ll find fields of black basalt and towering mesas topped by black basalt known as “harrat,” which formed from volcanic lava — the most recent lava flow occurred less than 4,500 years ago. Adding to the aesthetic and character of AlUla is the vast, quiet openness of the region. Its beauty is only heightened by the powerful desert sun. Throughout the day, sunlight amplifies the varying colours of the region. Mid-afternoon shade covers the valley oasis before fiery sunsets illuminate it, painting the pink evening sky. Then, this amazing panorama gives way to a blanket of stars at night — unfettered by light pollution — a truly mesmerizing spectacle.

This inimitable desert landscape forms the backdrop for AlUla’s intriguing history and culture. AlUla is open to visitors, come and explore its historic and natural wonder.

Tilt your eyes skyward on a desert stargazing tour

Experience the enchantment of a desert stargazing tour led by local experts. Far from city lights and surrounded by an otherworldly landscape, marvel at constellations aglow such as Orion and the Big Dipper. Stand in childlike awe as you catch sight of the Milky Way. AlUla's ideal conditions for stargazing mean the enormity of the universe is illuminated right before your eyes.

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Explore The World's Masterpiece

The World's Largest Living Museum Heritage

Take a journey into both AlUla’s distant and recent past. Explore a rich cultural heritage through its ancient sites, historic dwellings, and preserved tombs that span thousands of years of human civilisation.

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A DESERT OASIS BECKONS NATURAL WONDERS Nature & Outdoors

From mazes of dramatic rock to rolling sand-swept dunes, a valley swathed in citrus groves to millennia-old basalt lava flows, AlUla’s spectacular landscape invites you to wander and connect with its wealth of natural beauty.

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Thrilling experiences and outdoor excursions Adventure

Whether it's ziplining through mountain ranges, taking to the skies in a hot air balloon, or gazing up at the constellations, AlUla offers adventures and activities from the thrilling to the awe-inspiring.

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A Land of Wondrous Inspiration Arts & Culture

From contemporary artists creating pieces made for the stunning desert backdrop to local artisans continuing the tradition of ancient handicrafts, the spirit of creativity and ingenuity can be discovered in every corner of AlUla.

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Rocks of AlUla

Throughout AlUla, amazing rock formations have been formed by the forces of nature. Venture out to some must-see landmarks.

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Plan Your Trip To AlUla

Flying to AlUla

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What to Do

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Where to Eat

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Where to Stay

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